Tingginya Risiko Penyakit Kardiovaskular Pada Populasi Dengan Risiko Tinggi Obstructive Sleep Apnea Berdasarkan Kuesioner STOP-Bang
Abstract
Latar belakang:Obstructive sleep apneu (OSA) merupakan gangguan pernafasan saat tidur (sleep-disordered breathing) yang paling tinggi prevalensinya. OSA secara independen berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular seperti gagal jantung dan penyakit arteri koroner begitu juga prediabetes dan diabetes. Penelitian yang menghubungkan risiko OSA yang dinilai menggunakan kuesioner STOP-Bang dengan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular belum pernah dikerjakan di Indonesia.
Metode Penelitian : Penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan rancangan cross-sectional, dilakukanpada 62 orang penduduk di kota Mataram dengan rentang umur 40-74 tahun. Penilaian risiko terjadinya OSA dilakukan dengan menghitung skor total dari kuesioner menurut STOP-Bang. Individu memiliki risiko tinggi OSA jika memiliki skor total ?3. Penilaian risiko penyakit kardiovaskular dihitung menggunakan skor risiko Framingham yang selanjutnya dikonversikan menjadi persentase yang menggambarkan probabilitas penyakit kardiovaskular dalam 10 tahun kedepan.
Hasil Penelitian : Sebanyak 38 orang (61,29%) subyek penelitian memiliki risiko rendah dan 24 orang (38,71%) memiliki risiko tinggi untuk mengalami OSA. Persentase risiko penyakit kardiovaskular secara signifikan lebih tinggi pada kelompok risiko tinggi OSA dibandingkan dengan risiko rendah OSA (p=0,007). Selain itu didapatkan juga pada kelompok risiko tinggi OSA lebih banyak berjenis kelamin laki-laki (p=0,001), memiliki lingkar leher lebih besar (p=0,001), lingkar pinggang lebih besar (p=0,036), hipertensi lebih banyak (p=0,001) dan kadar gula darah puasa yang lebih tinggi (p=0,025).
Kesimpulan : Jumlah subyek penelitian yang terdeteksi memiliki risiko tinggi OSA berdasarkan skrining sederhana menggunakan kuesioner STOP-Bang cukup besar. Dalam penelitian ini, risiko penyakit kardiovaskular secara signifikan lebih tinggipada kelompok risiko tinggi OSA.
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