Referring STEMI Patient: When and Where?
Abstract
Management of STEMI patients consist of initial recognition and diagnosis,
early routine medication, and reperfusion therapy. Primary PCI has been set as default strategy for STEMI reperfusion in PCI-capable hospital. Unfortunately, only few STEMI patients can undergo primary PCI as reperfusion therapy, because the number of hospital with invasive capability is still low in many countries, including Indonesia. Because time is critical in reperfusion therapy, the emergency physicians in non-PCI capable hospital have to decide to hold or refer STEMI patients to a hospital with invasive capability. The reperfusion therapy options for STEMI patient presenting to a non-PCI capable hospital are fibrinolytic therapy, or refer to PCI-capable hospital, or both (pharmacoinvasive strategy). This review tried to summarize the evidences as a consideration in choosing the best reperfusion strategy for STEMI patients presenting to non-PCI capable hospital.
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References
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I., Gladstone A. R., Funk E. J. Primary Angioplasty for the
Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction: Experience at Two
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Cardiol 1999;33: 1257–65
Wharton T. P., Grines L. L., Turco M. A., Johnston J. D., Souther J., Lew D. C. PPrimary Angioplasty in Acute Myocardial Infarction at Hospitals With No Surgery On-Site (The PAMINO SOS Study) Versus Transfer to Surgical Centers for Primary Angioplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 43:1943–50.
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G. J., Singh M., et al. Percutaneous Coronary Interventions in Facilities Without Cardiac Surgery On Site: A Report From the National Cardiovascular Data Registry (NCDR). J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2009;54;16-24.
Levine G. N. Bates E. R., Blakenship J. C., Bailey S. R., Bittl J. A., Cercek B., et al. 2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline
for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Report of the
American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart
Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2011;58;e44-e122.
Smith SC Jr, Feldman TE, Hirshfeld JW Jr, Jacobs AK, Kern MJ, King SB III, et al. ACC/AHA/ SCAI 2005 guideline update for percutaneous coronary intervention: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/SCAI Writing Committee to Update 2001 Guidelines for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention). Circulation 2006; 113:e166–e286.
Tzifos V., Pagnotta P., et al. Time Course and Determinants of Left Ventricular Function Recovery After Primary Angioplasty in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;38:464 –71.
McNamara R. L., Wang Y., Herrin J., Curtis J. P., Bradley E. H., Magid D. J., et al. Effect of Door-to-Balloon Time on Mortality in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47: 2180–6.
Brodie B. R., Hansen C., Stuckey T. D., Richter S., VerSteeg
D. S., Gupta N., et al. Door-to-Balloon Time With Primary
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute Myocardial
Infarction Impacts Late Cardiac Mortality in High-Risk Patients and Patients Presenting Early After the Onset of Symptoms. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47: 289–95.
Antman EM, Anbe DT, Armstrong PW, Bates ER, Green LA,
Hand M, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management
of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart
Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee
to Revise the 1999 Guidelines for the Management of
Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction). Circulation
2004;110:e82–e292.
Dalbi M., Bouzamondo A., Lechat P., Montalescot G. Transfer
for Primary Angioplasty Versus Immediate Thrombolysis in
Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Meta-Analysis. Circulation.
2003;108:1809-1814.
De Luca G, Biondi-Zoccai G., Marino P. Transferring
Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
for Mechanical Reperfusion: A Meta-Regression Analysis of
Randomized Trials. Ann Emerg Med. 2008;52:665-676.
Antman EM, Hand M, Armstrong PW, et al. 2007 Focused
Update of the ACC/AHA 2004 Guidelines for the Management
of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: 2007 Writing Group to Review New Evidence and Update the ACC/AHA 2004 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation
Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51: 210–47.
Wijns W., Kolh P., Danchin N., Di Mario C., Falk V., Folliguet T., et al. Guidelines on myocardial revascularization The Task Force on Myocardial Revascularization of the European Society of Cardiology
(ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). European Heart Journal (2010) 31, 2501–2555.
Kushner FG, Hand M, Smith SC, King SB, Bates ER, Blankenship
JC, et al. 2009 Focused Updates: ACC/AHA Guidelines for
the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial
Infarction (Updating the 2004 Guideline and 2007 Focused
Update) and ACC/AHA/SCAI Guidelines on Percutaneous
Coronary Intervention (Updating the 2005 Guideline and 2007
Focused Update): A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2009;120:2271-2306
Di Mario C, Dudek D, Piscione F, et al. Immediate angioplasty versus standard therapy with rescue angioplasty after thrombolysis in the Combined Abciximab REteplase Stent Study in Acute Myocardial Infarction (CARESS-in-AMI): an open, prospective, randomised, multicentre trial. Lancet. 2008;371:559–68.
Cantor WJ, Fitchett D, Borgundvaag B, et al. Routine early
angioplasty after ?brinolysis for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2009; 360:2705–18.
Wijeysurendera H. C., Vijayaraghavan R., Nallamothu B. K.,
Foody J. M., Krumholz H. M., Phillips C. O., et al. Rescue
Angioplasty or Repeat Fibrinolysis After Failed Fibrinolytic
Therapy for ST-Segment Myocardial Infarction : A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:422–30.
Collet J-P., Montalescot G., Le May M., Borentain M., Gershlick A. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention After Fibrinolysis: A Multiple Meta-Analyses Approach According to the Type of Strategy. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2006;48;1326-1335.
Borgia F., Goodman S. G., Halvorsen S., Cantor W. J., Piscione F., Le May M. R., et al. Early routine percutaneous coronary intervention after ?brinolysis vs. standard therapy in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a meta analysis. European Heart Journal (2010) 31, 2156–2169.
Bohmer E, Hoffman P., Abdelnoor M., Arnesen H., Halvorsen
S. Ef?cacy and Safety of Immediate Angioplasty Versus Ischemia-Guided Management After Thrombolysis in Acute Myocardial Infarction in Areas With Very Long Transfer Distances: Results of the NORDISTEMI (NORwegian study on DIstrict treatment of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction). J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;55:102–10.
Fernandez-Aviles F., Alonso J., Pena G., Blanco J., Alonso-Briales J., Lopez-Mesa J., et al. Primary angioplasty vs. early routine post-fibrinolysis angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation: : the GRACIA-2 non-inferiority, randomized, controlled trial. European Heart Journal (2007) 28, 949–960
Sone G. W., Brodie B. R., Griffon J. J., Grines L., Boura J., O’neill W. W., et al. Role of Cardiac Surgery in the Hospital Phase Management of Patients Treated With Primary Angioplasty for Acute Myocardial Infarction. Am J Cardiol 2000;85:1292–1296.
Kernis S.J., Harjai K. J., Stone G. W., Grines L. L., Boura J. A., Yerkey M. W., et al. The Incidence, Predictors, and Outcomes of Early Reinfarction After Primary Angioplasty for Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42:1173-7.
Lot? M., Mackie K., Dzavik V., Seidelin P. H. Impact of Delays to Cardiac Surgery After Failed Angioplasty and Stenting. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:337– 42.
Wharton T. P., McNamara N. S., Fedele F. A., Jacobs M.
I., Gladstone A. R., Funk E. J. Primary Angioplasty for the
Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction: Experience at Two
Community Hospitals Without Cardiac Surgery. J Am Coll
Cardiol 1999;33: 1257–65
Wharton T. P., Grines L. L., Turco M. A., Johnston J. D., Souther J., Lew D. C. PPrimary Angioplasty in Acute Myocardial Infarction at Hospitals With No Surgery On-Site (The PAMINO SOS Study) Versus Transfer to Surgical Centers for Primary Angioplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 43:1943–50.
Kutcher M. A., Klein L. W., Ou F. S., Wharton T. P., Dehmer
G. J., Singh M., et al. Percutaneous Coronary Interventions in Facilities Without Cardiac Surgery On Site: A Report From the National Cardiovascular Data Registry (NCDR). J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2009;54;16-24.
Levine G. N. Bates E. R., Blakenship J. C., Bailey S. R., Bittl J. A., Cercek B., et al. 2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline
for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Report of the
American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart
Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2011;58;e44-e122.
Smith SC Jr, Feldman TE, Hirshfeld JW Jr, Jacobs AK, Kern MJ, King SB III, et al. ACC/AHA/ SCAI 2005 guideline update for percutaneous coronary intervention: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/SCAI Writing Committee to Update 2001 Guidelines for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention). Circulation 2006; 113:e166–e286.
Published
2013-11-17
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How to Cite
Yuwono, K. (2013). Referring STEMI Patient: When and Where?. Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 33(3), 190-5. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.v33i3.315
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