Seeing the Inner from Outer
Abstract
Since Furchgott et al1 showed that acetylcholine requires the presence of endothelial cells to induce vasodilation, the importance of the endothelial cell layer for vascular homeostasis has been increasingly appreciated. Endothelial dysfunction was initially identified as impaired vasodilation to specific stimuli such as acetylcholine or bradykinin. A broader understanding of the term would include not only reduced vasodilation but also a proinflammatory and prothrombic state associated with dysfunction of the endothelium.2 Figure 1 describe regulation function of endothelium during normal and dysfunction condition.3 In human, endothelial dysfuntion was first described in forearm of hypertensive patient.4 Dysfunction of the endothelium has been attributed to the pathophysiology of different forms of cardiovascular disease, including hypertension, coronary artery disease, chronic heart failure, peripheral artery disease, diabetes, and chronic renal failure.2Downloads
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References
Furchgott RF, Zawadzki JV. The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine. Nature 1980;288(5789):373-6.
Endemann DH, Schiffrin EL. Endothelial dysfunction. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004;15(8):1983-92.
Esper RJ. Interrogando al endotelio. Rev Argent Cardiol 2000;68:429-39.
Panza JA, Quyyumi AA, Brush JE, Jr., Epstein SE. Abnormal endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in patients with essential hypertension. N Engl J Med 1990;323(1):22-7.
Deanfield JE, Halcox JP, Rabelink TJ. Endothelial function and dysfunction: testing and clinical relevance. Circulation 2007;115(10):1285-95.
Perticone F, Ceravolo R, Pujia A, Ventura G, Iacopino S, Scozzafava A, et al. Prognostic significance of endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive patients. Circulation 2001;104(2):191-6.
Celermajer DS, Sorensen KE, Gooch VM, Spiegelhalter DJ, Miller OI, Sullivan ID, et al. Non-invasive detection of endothelial dysfunction in children and adults at risk of atherosclerosis. Lancet 1992;340(8828):1111-5.
Mulia E, Sunu I, Joesoef AH, Harimurti GN. Correlation of brachial flow mediated dilation with severity of coronary artery disease. J Kardiol Indones 2013;34(2):71-9.
Choi BJ, Prasad A, Gulati R, Best PJ, Lennon RJ, Barsness GW, et al. Coronary endothelial dysfunction in patients with early coronary artery disease is associated with the increase in intravascular lipid core plaque. Eur Heart J 2013;34(27):2047-54.
Anderson TJ, Uehata A, Gerhard MD, Meredith IT, Knab S, Delagrange D, et al. Close relation of endothelial function in the human coronary and peripheral circulations. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;26(5):1235-41.
Corretti MC, Anderson TJ, Benjamin EJ, Celermajer D, Charbonneau F, Creager MA, et al. Guidelines for the ultrasound assessment of endothelial-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery: a report of the International Brachial Artery Reactivity Task Force. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;39(2):257-65.
Flammer AJ, Anderson T, Celermajer DS, Creager MA, Deanfield J, Ganz P, et al. The assessment of endothelial function: from research into clinical practice. Circulation 2012;126(6):753-67.
Endemann DH, Schiffrin EL. Endothelial dysfunction. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004;15(8):1983-92.
Esper RJ. Interrogando al endotelio. Rev Argent Cardiol 2000;68:429-39.
Panza JA, Quyyumi AA, Brush JE, Jr., Epstein SE. Abnormal endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in patients with essential hypertension. N Engl J Med 1990;323(1):22-7.
Deanfield JE, Halcox JP, Rabelink TJ. Endothelial function and dysfunction: testing and clinical relevance. Circulation 2007;115(10):1285-95.
Perticone F, Ceravolo R, Pujia A, Ventura G, Iacopino S, Scozzafava A, et al. Prognostic significance of endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive patients. Circulation 2001;104(2):191-6.
Celermajer DS, Sorensen KE, Gooch VM, Spiegelhalter DJ, Miller OI, Sullivan ID, et al. Non-invasive detection of endothelial dysfunction in children and adults at risk of atherosclerosis. Lancet 1992;340(8828):1111-5.
Mulia E, Sunu I, Joesoef AH, Harimurti GN. Correlation of brachial flow mediated dilation with severity of coronary artery disease. J Kardiol Indones 2013;34(2):71-9.
Choi BJ, Prasad A, Gulati R, Best PJ, Lennon RJ, Barsness GW, et al. Coronary endothelial dysfunction in patients with early coronary artery disease is associated with the increase in intravascular lipid core plaque. Eur Heart J 2013;34(27):2047-54.
Anderson TJ, Uehata A, Gerhard MD, Meredith IT, Knab S, Delagrange D, et al. Close relation of endothelial function in the human coronary and peripheral circulations. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;26(5):1235-41.
Corretti MC, Anderson TJ, Benjamin EJ, Celermajer D, Charbonneau F, Creager MA, et al. Guidelines for the ultrasound assessment of endothelial-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery: a report of the International Brachial Artery Reactivity Task Force. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;39(2):257-65.
Flammer AJ, Anderson T, Celermajer DS, Creager MA, Deanfield J, Ganz P, et al. The assessment of endothelial function: from research into clinical practice. Circulation 2012;126(6):753-67.
Published
2014-03-03
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PDF downloads: 2021
How to Cite
Yuniadi, Y. (2014). Seeing the Inner from Outer. Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 34(2), 79-80. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.v34i2.324
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