Endothelial Dysfunction in Healthy Passive Smoker
Abstract
Introduction. Passive smoking may have a deleterious effect to cardiovascular system and subsequent enormous public health implication. The sidestream cigarette smoke suggest impaired endothelial production of nitrit oxide. Since endothelial dysfunction is an early feature of atherogenesis, early detection on this become important and hopefully can prevents the subsequent atherosclerlotic events. There were only few studies have assessed the effects of passive smoking to human arterial wall. The objective of this study was to detect endothelial dysfunction in healthy passive smokers young adults.Methods. We studied 80 healthy subjects 20 to 35 years old,which were divided into two groups, consist of 32 passive smokers and 48 subjects as controls. Passive smokers were defined as non-smokers who had been exposed to environmental tobacco smoke for at least one hour daily for three or more years. Endothelial function was measured by response of flow-mediated vasodilatation in brachial artery during reactive hyperemia.
Result. There are no significant differences in baseline characteristics (age, sex and baseline diameter) between two groups. Flow-mediated dilatation response was significantly impaired in the passive smokers 8.7 (2.9) percent compared with 12.8 (6.7) percent in control subject, p =0.006.
Conclusion. Passive smoking is associated with impairment of endothelium-dependent dilatation, suggesting early event in atherosclerosis.
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References
Celermajer DS, Adams MR, Clarkson P, Robinson J, McCredie R, Donald A, et all. Passive smoking and impairement endothelium-dependent arterial dilatation in healthy young adults. N Eng J Med. 1996;334:150-4.
WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. World Health Organization 2005-02-27. http://www.who.int/tobacco/framework/WHO_FCTC_english.pdf.Retrieved 2009-10-12. “Parties recognize that scientific evidence has unequivocally established that exposure to tobacco causes death, disease and disability.
Barnoya J, Glantz S. Cardiovascular Effects of secondhand smoke. Nearly as large as smoking. Circulation. 2005;111:2684-98.
Ross R. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: a perspective for the 1990s. Nature. 1993;362:801-9.
Moore S. Thromboatherosclerosis in normolipidemi c rabbits: a result of continued endothelial damage. Lab Invest. 1973;29:478-87.
Celermajer DS, Sorensen KE, Gooch VM, et al. Non-invasive detection of endothelial dysfunction in children and adults at risk of atherosclerosis. Lancet. 1992;340:1111-5.
Woo KS, Chook P, Leong HC, Huang XS, Celermajer DS. The impact of heavy passive smoking on arterial endothelial function in modernized Chinese. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36:1228-32.
Raitakari OT, Adams MA, McCredie RJ, Celermajer DS. Arterial endothelial dysfunction related to passive smoking is potentially reversible in healthy young adults. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:578-81.
Holay MP, Paunikar NP, Joshi PP, Sasharabhojney VS, Tankhiwale SR. Effect of passive smoking on endothelial function in healthy adults. J Assc Phys of India.2004;52:114-7.
Woo KS, Robinson JT, Chook P, Adams MR, Yip G, Mai ZJ, et al. Differences in the effect of cigarette smoking on endothelial function in Chinese and white adults. Ann Intern Med. 1997;127:401-3.
Jendrizcko A, Szoyrka G, Gruzczynski J, Kozowicz M. Cigarette smoke exposure of school children: effect of passive smoking and vitamin E supplementation on blood antioxidant status. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;53:Suppl:1061S-1063S.
Taylor AE, Johnson DC, Kazemi H. Environmental tobacco smoke and cardiovascular disease: a position paper from the council on cardiopulmonary and critical care, American Heart Association. Circulation 1992;86:699-702.
Glantz SA, Parmley WW. Passive smoking and heart disease: epidemiology, physiology, and biochemistry. Circulation 1991;83:1-12.
Zhu B-Q, Sun Y-P, Sievers RE, Isenberg WM, Glantz SA, Parmley WW. Passive smoking increases experimental atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;21:225-32.
Penn A, Chen L-C, Synder CA. Inhalation of steady-state sidestream smoke from one cigarette promotes arteriosclerotic plaque development. Circulation. 1994;90:1363-7.
Sun Y-P, Zhu B-Q, Sievers RE, Glantz SA, Deedwania PC, Parmley WW. L-arginine preserves endothelial-dependent relaxation during environmental tobacco smoke in lipid fed rabbits. Circulation. 1994:Suppl:I-459.
Cooke JP, Tsao RS. Is NO an endogenous antiatherogenic molecule? Arterioscler Thromb. 1994;14:653-5.
Duthie GG, Arthur JR, James WP. Effects of smokingand vitamin E on blood antioxidant status. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991;53(4 Suppl). 1061S-3S.
Johnstone MT, Creager SJ, Scales KM, Cusco JA, Lee BK, Creager MA. Impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patient with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Circulation. 1993;88:2510-6.
Anderson TJ, Uehata A, Gerhard MD, et al. Close relationship of endothelial function in the human coronary and peripheral circulations. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;26:1235-41.
Vogel RA, Vaitkevicius PV, Plotnick GD. Ultrasoundassessment of brachial artery endothelium-dependent vasoactivity as a means for diagnosing coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;21:345A.
22. He J, Vupputuri S, Allen K, Prerost MR, Hughes J, Whelton PK. Passive smoking and the risk of coronary heart disease – a meta analysis of epidemiologic studies. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:920-6.
Ryliskite K, Ghiadoni L, Plantinga Y, Janavicie ne S, Petrulioniene, et al. High-frequency ultrasonographic imaging of the endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) in an brachial artery: Normative ranges in a group of low CV risk subjects of different ages. Proc West Pharmacol Soc. 2004;47:67-8.
Okoli CT, Kelly T, Hahn EJ. Secondhand smoke and nicotine exposure: a brief review. Addict Behav. 2007;32:1977-88.
Steenland K, Sieber K, Etzel RA, Pechacek T, Maurer K. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and risk factors for heart disease among never smokers in the third national health and nutrition examination survey. Am J Epidemiol. 1998;147:932-9.
WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. World Health Organization 2005-02-27. http://www.who.int/tobacco/framework/WHO_FCTC_english.pdf.Retrieved 2009-10-12. “Parties recognize that scientific evidence has unequivocally established that exposure to tobacco causes death, disease and disability.
Barnoya J, Glantz S. Cardiovascular Effects of secondhand smoke. Nearly as large as smoking. Circulation. 2005;111:2684-98.
Ross R. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: a perspective for the 1990s. Nature. 1993;362:801-9.
Moore S. Thromboatherosclerosis in normolipidemi c rabbits: a result of continued endothelial damage. Lab Invest. 1973;29:478-87.
Celermajer DS, Sorensen KE, Gooch VM, et al. Non-invasive detection of endothelial dysfunction in children and adults at risk of atherosclerosis. Lancet. 1992;340:1111-5.
Woo KS, Chook P, Leong HC, Huang XS, Celermajer DS. The impact of heavy passive smoking on arterial endothelial function in modernized Chinese. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36:1228-32.
Raitakari OT, Adams MA, McCredie RJ, Celermajer DS. Arterial endothelial dysfunction related to passive smoking is potentially reversible in healthy young adults. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:578-81.
Holay MP, Paunikar NP, Joshi PP, Sasharabhojney VS, Tankhiwale SR. Effect of passive smoking on endothelial function in healthy adults. J Assc Phys of India.2004;52:114-7.
Woo KS, Robinson JT, Chook P, Adams MR, Yip G, Mai ZJ, et al. Differences in the effect of cigarette smoking on endothelial function in Chinese and white adults. Ann Intern Med. 1997;127:401-3.
Jendrizcko A, Szoyrka G, Gruzczynski J, Kozowicz M. Cigarette smoke exposure of school children: effect of passive smoking and vitamin E supplementation on blood antioxidant status. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;53:Suppl:1061S-1063S.
Taylor AE, Johnson DC, Kazemi H. Environmental tobacco smoke and cardiovascular disease: a position paper from the council on cardiopulmonary and critical care, American Heart Association. Circulation 1992;86:699-702.
Glantz SA, Parmley WW. Passive smoking and heart disease: epidemiology, physiology, and biochemistry. Circulation 1991;83:1-12.
Zhu B-Q, Sun Y-P, Sievers RE, Isenberg WM, Glantz SA, Parmley WW. Passive smoking increases experimental atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;21:225-32.
Penn A, Chen L-C, Synder CA. Inhalation of steady-state sidestream smoke from one cigarette promotes arteriosclerotic plaque development. Circulation. 1994;90:1363-7.
Sun Y-P, Zhu B-Q, Sievers RE, Glantz SA, Deedwania PC, Parmley WW. L-arginine preserves endothelial-dependent relaxation during environmental tobacco smoke in lipid fed rabbits. Circulation. 1994:Suppl:I-459.
Cooke JP, Tsao RS. Is NO an endogenous antiatherogenic molecule? Arterioscler Thromb. 1994;14:653-5.
Duthie GG, Arthur JR, James WP. Effects of smokingand vitamin E on blood antioxidant status. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991;53(4 Suppl). 1061S-3S.
Johnstone MT, Creager SJ, Scales KM, Cusco JA, Lee BK, Creager MA. Impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patient with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Circulation. 1993;88:2510-6.
Anderson TJ, Uehata A, Gerhard MD, et al. Close relationship of endothelial function in the human coronary and peripheral circulations. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;26:1235-41.
Vogel RA, Vaitkevicius PV, Plotnick GD. Ultrasoundassessment of brachial artery endothelium-dependent vasoactivity as a means for diagnosing coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;21:345A.
22. He J, Vupputuri S, Allen K, Prerost MR, Hughes J, Whelton PK. Passive smoking and the risk of coronary heart disease – a meta analysis of epidemiologic studies. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:920-6.
Ryliskite K, Ghiadoni L, Plantinga Y, Janavicie ne S, Petrulioniene, et al. High-frequency ultrasonographic imaging of the endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) in an brachial artery: Normative ranges in a group of low CV risk subjects of different ages. Proc West Pharmacol Soc. 2004;47:67-8.
Okoli CT, Kelly T, Hahn EJ. Secondhand smoke and nicotine exposure: a brief review. Addict Behav. 2007;32:1977-88.
Steenland K, Sieber K, Etzel RA, Pechacek T, Maurer K. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and risk factors for heart disease among never smokers in the third national health and nutrition examination survey. Am J Epidemiol. 1998;147:932-9.
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How to Cite
Tiksnadi, B., Purnomowati, A., & Akbar, M. (1). Endothelial Dysfunction in Healthy Passive Smoker. Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 33(3), 149-57. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.v33i3.40
Section
Clinical Research
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