Risk of Dyslipidemia in Adolescence Born with Low Birth Weight
Abstract
Background. Abnormal lipid profile is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease. Some studies have shown that small for gestationa age (SGA) was associated with abnormal lipid profile in adolescence and adulthood. Since 16 years ago, district Tanjungsari (Sumedang-West Java) became a research area for cohort growth studyof Frontier for Health Foundation,incooperation with Research Unit of Medical Faculty University of Padjadjaran - Bandung. This study aims to assess whether SGA children are more prone to have abnormal plasma lipid profile.Methods and results.This study was performed to cohort population in Kecamatan Tanjungsari Kabupaten Sumedang-West Java, who was born between 1988-1990. The criteria of SGA based on WHO criteria (term infants, gestational age of > 37 weeks with birth weight of < 2500 grams). Inclusion criteria were SGA and AGA with postnatal growth up to 36 month adequately, complete birth weight and birth length records up to 36 months as well and birth weight and birth length during 12-14 years of age, willing to accompany in this study. After lipid profile examination was performed, validity and stratification data of 871 subjects, 229 subjects were complied with including criteria. With the simple random, 105 subjects of dyslipidemia were decided as the group of cases and the same number of control group were included as matching. There was no difference in general character-istic of both group (age, gender, birth weight, and birth length) p > 0.05. No significant difference between total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol level in subject with SGA compared with non-SGA, p > 0.05. Triglyceride level was higher found significant in subject with SGA compared with non-SGA, p=0.00004, however the HDL cholesterol level has a significant more less in subject with SGA compared with non-SGA, p=0.00004. Subject with SGA have an increase risk to develop of dyslipidemia compare with subject non SGA, odd ratio of 3.26, 95% CI 1.77-6.02; p=00003.
Conclusions. Subject with prenatal growth retardation have an increase risk for dyslipidemia development.
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References
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Kuzawa CL, Adair LS. Lipid profiles in adolescent Filipinos: Relation to birth weight and maternal energy status during pregnancy. Am Jclin Nutr 2003;77:960-6
Stanner SA, Bulmer K, Andres C, Lantseva OE, Borodina V, Poteen W et al. Does malnutrition in utero determine diabetes and coronary heart disease in adulthood ?. Results from the Leningrad siege study, a cross sectional study. BMJ 1997;315:1342-8
Kolacek S, Kapetanovic T, Zimolo A, Luzar V. Early determinants of cardiovascular risk factors in adults. A plasma lipids. Acta Paediatr 1993;82(8):699-704
Stanley CA. Defects in metabolism of lipids. In: Behmann RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB (eds). Nelson textbook of pediatrics. 16th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co, 2000:390-1
Sjukrudin-Suardi E, Anggraeni HS. Association between birth weight and cardiovascular risk factors in children. Bandung Medical Journal 2000;32:156-160
Mogren I, Hõgberg U, Stegmayr B, Lindahl B, Stenlund H. Fetal exposure, heredity and risk indicators for cardiovascular disease in Swedish welfare cohort. Intern J of Epid 2001;30:853-62.
Survei Kesehatan Nasional (SKN) 2001. Departemen Kesehatan RI. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan 2001.
Survei Kesehatan Rumah Tangga (SKRT) 1992. Departemen Kesehatan RI. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan 1992.
Reddy KS, Yusuf S. Emerging epidemic of cardiovascular disease in developing countries. Circulation 1998;97:596-601
Levi F, Lucchini F, Negri E, La Vecchia C. Trends in mortality from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Europe and other areas of the world. Heart 2002;88:119-24
Yusuf S, Reddy KS, Ounpuu S, Anand S. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases Part I: General considerations, the epidemiologic transition, risk factors, and impact of urbanization. Circulation 2001;104:2746-53
Ridker PM, Morrow DA. C-reactive protein, inflammation, and coronary risk. Cardiol Clin 2003;21:315-25
Barker DJP, Osmond C, Winter PD, Margetts B, Simmonds SJ. Weight in infancy and death from ischaemic heart disease. Lancet 1989;9:577-80
Barker DJP, Osmond C, Golding J, Kuh D, Wadsworth MEJ. Growth in utero, blood pressure in childhood and adult life, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. BMJ 1989;298: 564-7
Elford J, Whincup P, Shaper AG. Early life experience and adult cardiovascular disease: longitudinal and case control study. International Epidemiological Association 1991
Hales CN, Barker DJP, Clark PMS, Cox LJ, Fall CHD, Osmond C et al. Fetal and infant growth and impaired glucose tolerance at age 64. B M J 1991;303:1019-22
Lever AF, Harrap SB. Essential hypertension: a disorder of growth with origins in childhood?. Hypertension 1992;10:101-20
Law CM, Swiet M, Osmond C, Fayers PM, Barker DJP, Crudas AM et al. Initiation of hypertension in utero and its amplification throughout life. BMJ 1993;306:24-7
Low Birth Weight. Reeport of meeting United Nation Administrative Committee on Coordination Sub Committee on Nutrition 2000
Sohl B, Moore TR. Abnormalities of fetal growth. In : Taeusch HW, Ballard RA. (eds). Avery’s disease of the newborn. 7th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, 1998:90-4
Kusin JA, Kardjati S. Maternal and child nutrition in Madura, Indonesia. Amsterdam : Royal Tropical Institute 1994
Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2001. Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia 2002
Forsdahl A. Are poor living conditions in childhood and adolescence an important risk factor for arteriosclerotic disease ?. Br J Soc Prev Med 1977;31:91-5
Joseph KS, Kramer MS. Review of the evidence on fetal and early childhood antecedents of adult chronic disease. Epidemiol Rev 1996;18:158-73
Lucas A, Fewtrel MS, Cole TJ. Fetal origins of adult disease. The hypothesis revisited. BMJ 1999;319:245-9
Barker DJP, Martyn CN, Osmond C, Hales CN, Fall CHD. Growth in utero and serum cholesterol concentration in adults life. B M J 1993;307:1524-7
Forrester TE, Wilks RJ, Benneti FI, Simeon S, Osmond C, Scott P. Fetal growth and cardiovascular risk factors in Jamaican school children. B M J 1996;312:156-60
Roseboom TJ, van der Meulen JHP, Osmond C, Barker DJP, Ravelli ACJ, Bleker OP. Plasma lipid profiles in adults after prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72:1101-6
Tenhola S, Martikainen A, Rahiala E, Herrgard E, Halonen P, Voutilainen R. Serum lipid concentrations and growth characteristics in 12 years old children born small for gestasional age. Pediatric Research 2000;48:623-8
Radunovic N, Kuczynski E, Rosen T, Dukanac J, Petkovic S, Lockwood CJ. Plasma apolipoprotein A-1 and B concentrations in growth retarded fetuses: A link between low birth weight and adult atherosclerosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:85-8
Li C, Johnson MS, Goran MI. Effects of low birth weight on insulin resistance syndrome in Caucasian and African-American children. Diabetes Care 2001;24:2035-42
Kuzawa CL, Adair LS. Lipid profiles in adolescent Filipinos: Relation to birth weight and maternal energy status during pregnancy. Am Jclin Nutr 2003;77:960-6
Stanner SA, Bulmer K, Andres C, Lantseva OE, Borodina V, Poteen W et al. Does malnutrition in utero determine diabetes and coronary heart disease in adulthood ?. Results from the Leningrad siege study, a cross sectional study. BMJ 1997;315:1342-8
Kolacek S, Kapetanovic T, Zimolo A, Luzar V. Early determinants of cardiovascular risk factors in adults. A plasma lipids. Acta Paediatr 1993;82(8):699-704
Stanley CA. Defects in metabolism of lipids. In: Behmann RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB (eds). Nelson textbook of pediatrics. 16th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co, 2000:390-1
Sjukrudin-Suardi E, Anggraeni HS. Association between birth weight and cardiovascular risk factors in children. Bandung Medical Journal 2000;32:156-160
Mogren I, Hõgberg U, Stegmayr B, Lindahl B, Stenlund H. Fetal exposure, heredity and risk indicators for cardiovascular disease in Swedish welfare cohort. Intern J of Epid 2001;30:853-62.
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How to Cite
Aprami, T. (1). Risk of Dyslipidemia in Adolescence Born with Low Birth Weight. Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 28(2), 124-132. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.v28i2.256
Section
Clinical Research
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