SMASH Score as a Predictor off-in Hospital Mortality for Acute Heart Failure Patients
Abstract
Background: The prognosis of AHF patients remain poor. The aim of this study is to design a simple, bedside clinical prognostic scoring model and validate its ability to predict hospital mortality for patients with AHF.
Methods: 255 patients with AHF were enrolled, divided into dead (n=121) and surÂvival (n=134) cohorts. The data were collected from January 2015 to September 2016.Data were collected restropectively. Multivariable analysis was applied to determine independent risk factors and develop the scoring system.
Results: The Multivariate logistic regression analysis, hospital mortality was employed as dependent variable, while age umur (p=0.014,OR 4.314 CI 95%(1.346-13.822)), Diastolic Blood Pressure (p= 0.001 OR 6.213 CI 95%(2.1210-18.205 )), Systolic Blood Pressure ( p=0.002 OR 5.043 CI 95%( 1.854-13.717)), Heart Rate ( p=0.002 OR 3.933 CI 95%(1.658-9.332)), haemoglobin ( p = 0.044 OR 2.530 CI95%(1.026-6.242)), arrhytmia ( p=0.001 OR 7.658 CI 95%(2.217-26.457)), creatinine on admission ( p=0.002 OR 4.385 CI 95% (1.731-11.104)), QRS duration (p=0.00 OR 7.684, CI 95% (3.063-19.279)), as independent variables.According to each OR of these variables, we set the new scoring system of hospital mortality for AHF with good calibration by Hosner-lemeshow test ( p =1) and discrimination by AUC 0.925 (p<0.01 CI 95 % 0.891-0.959). The optimal cutt off for prediction mortality was total 6 points, sensitivity 81% and specificity 89%. We divided the patients with AHF as low risk whom total score 0-3 points (mortality in hospital 0-2%), moderate risk whom total score 4-5 points (mortality in hospital 13-46%), and 6-12 point as high risk. In the validation cohort indicated that SMASH score as new scoring system was effective with bootstrapping.
Conclusion : The SMASH Score is a new scoring system of hospital mortality for AHF can predict with good performance in terms of discrimination, calibration and internally validation.
Abstrak
Latar Belakang : Prognosis pasien dengan gagal jantung akut ( GJA ) masih buruk, dan stratifikasi resiko mungkin dapat membantu para klinisi dalam penatalaksanaan, dimana pasien yang tergolong buruk, harus dilakukan tindakan agressif dan pemantauan yang ketat. Namun ketersediaan sistem skoring pada GJA masih terbatas. Studi ini bertujuan untuk membuat model skoring prognostik yang sederhana dan validasinya dalam prediksi kematian di rumah sakit pada pasien GJA.
Metode : 255 pasien GJA dibagi 2 kelompok yang mengalami kematian kardiovaskular dan survival di rumah sakit. Data dikumpulkan dari Januari 2015 sampai September 2016. Kriteria inklusi memenuhi panduan GJA berdasarkan ESC guidelines 2016. Dilakukan analisa multivariat dalam mencari faktor resiko yang bebas dan pembuatan sistem skoring.
Hasil : Setelah dilakukan analisa multivariat logistik regressi, kematian di Rumah Sakit sebagai variable bebas, sementara umur (p=0.014,OR 4.314 KI 95%(1.346-13.822)) Tekanan darah diastolik saat masuk ( p= 0.001 OR 6.213 KI 95%(2.1210-18.205 )), tekanan darah sistolik saat masuk ( p=0.002 OR 5.043 KI 95%( 1.854-13.717)), Denyut nadi( p=0.002 OR 3.933 KI 95%(1.658-9.332)), hemoglobin ( p = 0.044 OR 2.530 KI95%(1.026-6.242)), arritmia ( p=0.001 OR 7.658 KI 95%(2.217-26.457)), kreatinin masuk ( p=0.002 OR 4.385 KI 95% (1.731-11.104)), QRS duration (p=0.00 OR 7.684, KI 95% (3.063-19.279)) sebagai variabel independen.Berdasarkan masing-masing OR dari variabel ini, diformulasikan sebuah sistem skoring . Sistem skoring yang baru memiliki kalibrasi dan diskriminasi yang sangat memuaskan menurut Hosner-lemeshow test ( p =1) dan AUC 0.925 (p<0.01 CI 95 % 0.891-0.959). Nilai titik potong yang optimal untuk prediksi kematian di rumah sakit adalah 6 poin dengan sensitivitas 81% and spesifisitas 89%. Kami menggolongkan pasien GJA sebagai resiko kematian rendah dengan total skor 0-3 poins (mortalitas di Rumah sakit 0-2%), resiko sedang dengan total skor 3-5 points (mortalitas di Rumah Sakit 13-46%), and 6-14 poin sebagai resiko tinggi. Pada validasi internal bahwa SMASH score sebagai sistem skoring kematian yang baru menunjukan nilai optimisme yang baik secara bootsrapping.
Kesimpulan : SMASH Score adalah sebuah Sistem Skorring baru dalam Prediksi Kematian di Rumah Sakit pada Sindroma Gagal Jantung Akut dengan kalibrasi dan diskriminasi serta validasi yang baik.
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