Exercise Training and Vascular molecular Responses
Abstract
Regular physical activity (exercise training, ET) has a strong positive link with cardiovascular health. The beneficial effects of ET on the endothelium arteries are believed to result from increased vascular shear stress during ET bouts. A number of mechanosensory mechanisms have been elucidated that may contribute to the effects of ET on vascular function. Exercise training also consistently improves the nitric oxide bioavailability, and the number of endothelial progenitor cells, and diminishes the level of inflammatory markers, namely pro inflammatory cytokines and C-reactive protein. This review summarizes current understanding of control of vascular adaptation by exercise and how these processes lead to improved cardiovascular health.Downloads
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References
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Fukai T, Siegfried M, UshioFukai M, Cheng Y, Kojda G, Harrison D. Regulation of the vascular extracellular superoxide dismutase by nitric oxide and exercise training. J Clin Invest 2000;105(11):16319.
Wahl P, Bloch W, Schmidt A. Exercise has a positive effect on endothelial progenitor cells, which could be necessary for vascular adaptation processes. Int J Sports Med 2007;28(5):37480.
Fadini G, Agostini C, Sartore S, Avogaro A. Endothelial progenitor cells in the natural history of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2007;194(1):4654.
Laufs U, Werner N, Link A. Physical training increases endothelial progenitor cells, inhibits neointima formation, and enhances angiogenesis. Circulation 2004;109(2):2206.
Sarto P, Balducci E, Balconi G, Fiordaliso F. Effects of Exercise Training on Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2007;13(9).
Laufs U, Urhausenb A, Wernera N, Scharhagb J, Heitzb A, Kissnera G, et al. Running exercise of different duration and intensity : effect on endothelial progenitor cells in healthy subjects Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2005;12:407414.
Ribeiro F, Alves A, Duarte J, Oliveira J. Is exercise training an effective therapy targeting endothelial dysfunction and vascular wall inflammation? International Journal of Cardiology 2010;141:214221.
Thompson P, Buchner D, Piña I, Balady G. Exercise and Physical Activity in the Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Statement From the Council on Clinical Cardiology (Subcommittee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention) and the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism (Subcommittee on Physical Activity) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2003;23:e42e49.
Ali M. Receptor pada endhotel dan otot di sistem kardiovaskuler. In: Basic Molecular Biology Course in Cardiovascular; 2002; Universitas Brawijaya Malang; 2002. p. 110.
Whyte J, Laughlin M. The effects of acute and chronic exercise on the vasculature. Acta Physiol 2010:110.
Anderson T. Nitric oxide, atherosclerosis and the clinical relevance of endothelial dysfunction. Heart Fail Rev 2003;8(1):7186.
Hambrecht R, Adams V, Erbs S. Regular physical activity improves endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease by increasing phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase Circulation 2003;107(25):31528.
Bevilacqua M, Nelson R, Mannori G, Cecconi O. Endothelialleukocyte adhesion molecules in human disease. Annu Rev Med 1994;45:36178.
Frenette P, Wagner D. Adhesion moleculesPart 1. NEngl J Med 1996;334(23):15269.
Wegge J, Roberts C, Ngo T, Barnard R. Effect of diet and exercise intervention on inflammatory and adhesion molecules in postmenopausal women on hormone replacement therapy and at risk for coronary artery disease Metabolism 2004;53(3):37781.
Adamopoulos S, Parissis J, Kroupis C. Physical training reduces peripheral markers of inflammation in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J 2001;22(9):7917.
Bjornstad H, Bruvik J, Bjornstad A, Hjellestad B, Damas J, Aukrust P. Exercise training decreases plasma levels of soluble CD40 ligand and Pselectin in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2008;15(1):438.
Yang A, Chen H. Chronic exercise reduces adhesion molecules/iNOS expression and partially reverses vascular responsiveness in hypercholesterolemic rabbit aortae. Atherosclerosis 2003;169(1):117.
Yang A, Jen C, Chen H. Effects of highcholesterol diet and parallel exercise training on the vascular function of rabbit aortas : a time course study. J Appl Physiol 2003;95(3):1194200.
Walther C, MobiusWinkler S, Linke A. Regular exercise training compared with percutaneous intervention leads to a reduction of inflammatory markers and cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2008;15(1):10712.
Milani R, Lavie C, Mehra M. Reduction in Creactive protein through cardiac rehabilitation and exercise training. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43(6):105661.
Milani R, Lavie C. Prevalence and profile of metabolic syndrome in patients following acute coronary events and effects of therapeutic lifestyle change with cardiac rehabilitation. Am J Cardiol 2003;92(1):504.
Sixt S, Rastan A, Desch S. Exercise training but not rosiglitazone improves endothelial function in prediabetic patients with coronary disease. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2008;15(4):4738.
Hansen D, Dendale P, Berger J. Importance of exercise training session duration in the rehabilitation of coronary artery disease patients. . Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2008;15(4):4539.
Fukai T, Siegfried M, UshioFukai M, Cheng Y, Kojda G, Harrison D. Regulation of the vascular extracellular superoxide dismutase by nitric oxide and exercise training. J Clin Invest 2000;105(11):16319.
Wahl P, Bloch W, Schmidt A. Exercise has a positive effect on endothelial progenitor cells, which could be necessary for vascular adaptation processes. Int J Sports Med 2007;28(5):37480.
Fadini G, Agostini C, Sartore S, Avogaro A. Endothelial progenitor cells in the natural history of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2007;194(1):4654.
Laufs U, Werner N, Link A. Physical training increases endothelial progenitor cells, inhibits neointima formation, and enhances angiogenesis. Circulation 2004;109(2):2206.
Sarto P, Balducci E, Balconi G, Fiordaliso F. Effects of Exercise Training on Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2007;13(9).
Laufs U, Urhausenb A, Wernera N, Scharhagb J, Heitzb A, Kissnera G, et al. Running exercise of different duration and intensity : effect on endothelial progenitor cells in healthy subjects Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2005;12:407414.
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How to Cite
Sarvasti, D., Radi, B., Setianto, B., & Joesoef, A. (1). Exercise Training and Vascular molecular Responses. Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 32(4), 255-65. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.v32i4.87
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Review Article
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