Association between Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 and Soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Levels and Left Atrial Thrombosis Gradation in Mitral Stenosis
Abstract
Background. The relationship between inflammation and coagulation has been widely described, which adhesion molecules play important role in inflammation. Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) seem to be related to thrombosis in few previous studies. The level of those molecules were increased in mitral stenosis (MS), however their relationship with left atrial thrombosis gradation is still unknown.Methods. Patients with moderate-severe MS (without any significant mitral regurgitation) who underwent transesophageal echocardiography were recruited consecutively in September-October 2013. They were divided into 3 categories of left atrial thrombosis gradation: non-thrombus without dense left atrial spontaneous echo contrast (LASEC) group, and non-thrombus with dense LASEC group, and thrombus group.
Results. A total of 39 subjects were enrolled in the study with a mean age of 40.97±9.61 year. Moreover, 71.8% of them were female and 67.7% of them had atrial fibrillation (AF). Evaluation on left atrial thrombosis gradation as mentioned above showed that sICAM-1 levels were 284.74 (218.79-321.00) ng/mL, 346.86 (125.68-698.12) ng/mL, and 395.93 (171.44-1021.53) ng/mL, consecutively (p=0.280). While sVCAM-1 levels gradually increased based on those groups consecutively: 729.01 (543.93-967.80) ng/mL, 1066.00 (581.36-2470.60) ng/mL, and 1158.00 (668.66-2498.30) ng/mL (p=0.016). Multivariate analysis showed that AF and mitral valve area (MVA) influence thrombosis gradation.
Conclusion. Difference in sVCAM-1 levels were found among left atrial thrombosis gradation groups in mitral stenosis, but its effect on thrombosis gradation was influenced by AF and MVA.
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References
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12. Gonzalez-Ordonez AJ, Fernandez-Carreira JM, Fernandez-Alvarez CR, Venta Obaya R, Macias-Robles MD, Gonzalez-Franco A, et al. The concentrations of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and lipids are independently associated with venous thromboembolism. Haematologica. 2003;88(9):1035-43.
13. Salmon JE, Girardi G, Lockshin MD. The antiphospholipid syndrome as a disorder initiated by inflammation: implications for the therapy of pregnant patients. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 2007;3(3):140-7.
14. Pierangeli SS, Espinola RG, Liu X, Harris EN. Thrombogenic effects of antiphospholipid antibodies are mediated by intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and P-selectin. Circ Res. 2001;88(2):245-50.
15. Goswami KC, Yadav R, Rao MB, Bahl VK, Talwar KK, Manchanda SC. Clinical and echocardiographic predictors of left atrial clot and spontaneous echo contrast in patients with severe rheumatic mitral stenosis: a prospective study in 200 patients by transesophageal echocardiography. Int J Cardiol. 2000;73(3):273-9.
16. Farman MT, Sial JA, Khan N, Rahu QA, Tasneem H, Ishaq M. Severe mitral stenosis with atrial fibrillation--a harbinger of thromboembolism. J Pak Med Assoc. 2010;60(6):439-43.
2. Chandrashekhar Y, Westaby S, Narula J. Mitral stenosis. Lancet. 2009;374(9697):1271-83.
3. Peverill RE, Harper RW, Gelman J, Gan TE, Harris G, Smolich JJ. Determinants of increased regional left atrial coagulation activity in patients with mitral stenosis. Circulation. 1996;94(3):331-9.
4. Yamamoto K, Ikeda U, Seino Y, Mito H, Fujikawa H, Sekiguchi H, et al. Coagulation activity is increased in the left atrium of patients with mitral stenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;25(1):107-12.
5. Goldsmith I, Kumar P, Carter P, Blann AD, Patel RL, Lip GY. Atrial endocardial changes in mitral valve disease: a scanning electron microscopy study. Am Heart J. 2000;140(5):777-84.
6. Kaski JC, Arrebola-Moreno AL. Inflammation and thrombosis in atrial fibrillation. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2011;64(7):551-3.
7. Chen MC, Chang HW, Juang SS, Yip HK, Wu CJ, Yu TH, et al. Percutaneous transluminal mitral valvuloplasty reduces circulating vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in rheumatic mitral stenosis. Chest. 2004;125(4):1213-7.
8. Kaplanski G, Cacoub P, Farnarier C, Marin V, Gregoire R, Gatel A, et al. Increased soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 concentrations in patients with primary or systemic lupus erythematosus-related antiphospholipid syndrome: correlations with the severity of thrombosis. Arthritis Rheum. 2000;43(1):55-64.
9. Nyska A, Moomaw CR, Ezov N, Shabat S, Levin-Harrus T, Nyska M, et al. Ocular expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) in 2-butoxyethanol-induced hemolysis and thrombosis in female rats. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2003;55(4):231-6.
10. Isogai N, Tanaka H, Asamura S. Thrombosis and altered expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) after avulsion injury in rat vessels. J Hand Surg Br. 2004;29(3):230-4.
11. Yetkin E, Erbay AR, Ileri M, Turhan H, Balci M, Cehreli S, et al. Levels of circulating adhesion molecules in rheumatic mitral stenosis. Am J Cardiol. 2001;88(10):1209-11.
12. Gonzalez-Ordonez AJ, Fernandez-Carreira JM, Fernandez-Alvarez CR, Venta Obaya R, Macias-Robles MD, Gonzalez-Franco A, et al. The concentrations of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and lipids are independently associated with venous thromboembolism. Haematologica. 2003;88(9):1035-43.
13. Salmon JE, Girardi G, Lockshin MD. The antiphospholipid syndrome as a disorder initiated by inflammation: implications for the therapy of pregnant patients. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 2007;3(3):140-7.
14. Pierangeli SS, Espinola RG, Liu X, Harris EN. Thrombogenic effects of antiphospholipid antibodies are mediated by intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and P-selectin. Circ Res. 2001;88(2):245-50.
15. Goswami KC, Yadav R, Rao MB, Bahl VK, Talwar KK, Manchanda SC. Clinical and echocardiographic predictors of left atrial clot and spontaneous echo contrast in patients with severe rheumatic mitral stenosis: a prospective study in 200 patients by transesophageal echocardiography. Int J Cardiol. 2000;73(3):273-9.
16. Farman MT, Sial JA, Khan N, Rahu QA, Tasneem H, Ishaq M. Severe mitral stenosis with atrial fibrillation--a harbinger of thromboembolism. J Pak Med Assoc. 2010;60(6):439-43.
Published
2015-05-08
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How to Cite
Sahara, E., Yuniadi, Y., & Sunu, I. (2015). Association between Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 and Soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Levels and Left Atrial Thrombosis Gradation in Mitral Stenosis. Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 35(2), 80-6. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.v35i2.395
Section
Clinical Research
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